Polls are opening in Cameroon as Africa’s oldest leader is widely expected to win another term as president.
Separatists have threatened to disrupt the election, and many people who have fled the unrest are unable to vote.
President Paul Biya, who has held office since 1982, has vowed to end the crisis.
A victory likely would come with a weakened mandate for Mr Biya as many residents of the troubled English-speaking south-west and north-west regions have fled elsewhere.
By law, voters can only cast a ballot in the community where they are registered.
Cameroon’s government has said that anyone who tries to organise chaos on election day “risks being disagreeably surprised”.